ECOTOXICOLOGY: BASIC APPROACHES

Ethological and experimental approaches to behavior analysis: implications for ecotoxicology.

Laboratory research in toxicology has progressed far beyond reliance on measures of mortality to make use of sophisticated behavioral preparations that can evaluate the consequences of sublethal toxicant exposure. In contrast, field studies have not evolved as rapidly. Approaches developed by experimental psychologists and ethologists provide powerful and complementary methodologies to the stud...

Ecotoxicology.

Basic Diagnostic Approaches in Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis was first described by a British dermatologist, Jonathan Hutchison in 1869. Since then it has been seen in almost every part of the world and continues to engender considerable interest and concern amongst scientists and medical providers alike because 1) the cause is unknown, 2) it may involve any organ system in the body, 3) the course and prognosis vary from spontaneous resolutio...

Basic Approaches in Recommendation Systems

Recommendation systems support users in finding items of interest. In this chapter, we introduce the basic approaches of collaborative filtering, contentbased filtering, and knowledge-based recommendation. We first discuss principles of the underlying algorithms based on a running example. Thereafter, we provide an overview of hybrid recommendation approaches which combine basic variants. We co...

Ethics in science: ecotoxicology

Predictive ecotoxicology emphasizes the probable environmental outcome of exposure to toxics, rather than the mere appraisal of existing damage, and in so doing raises some complex but interesting ethical issues. Awareness of endocrine-disrupting chemicals is blurring the line between humankind and other life forms in toxicity testing by providing evidence that both humans and wildlife suffer a...